Public sector comparative
Management is the basis of excellence:
"The communist system has been established in the East and America has its system in the West...The system that will prevail is the one that is best managed."
Wilson 1917
American experience
The United States is the largest oil producer in the world The United States achieved a great production that brought it to the top, with annual production of about 13.7 million barrels of oil.
It consumes about 20.73 million barrels of oil per day.
The United States has proven oil reserves of 22.45 billion barrels.
In the field of natural gas, it produces 531.1 billion cubic meters and imports 120.6 billion cubic meters to cover its consumption of 635.1 billion cubic meters.
America's proven gas reserves are 5.451 trillion cubic metres.
The United States has the largest consumer market in the world, five times that of Japan.
The US economy is currently embroiled in the economic downturn that followed the 2007–08 financial crisis.
The unemployment rate came to 5.9%, while the broader government unemployment rate, which includes the part-time jobless, was 11.8%.
The second largest trading country in the world after China.
The second largest national economy in the world.
According to the First Hoover Commission:
Balance between powers and responsibilities.
Focusing on finance, jobs, public services, and document and reporting system.
Overlap and duplication in government agencies.
Decentralization of implementation under the umbrella of central supervision.
Reorganization of the executive bodies.
The most important characteristics of the American public sector
Granting sufficient powers to officials in the executive bodies in the areas of reorganization, dealing with employees, and financial matters.
Developing budget preparation methods, accounting control, procedures for determining financial appropriations, revenue procedures, operational costs, and budget subsidies.
Adopting the performance budget, simplifying the procedures for discussing financial appropriations, and setting up an integrated and effective system for preparing the budgets of the executive bodies, in a way that contributes to reducing implementation control costs.
Russian experience
1917-1920: After the Menshevik and Bolshevik revolutions, a central administration system was established through a Supreme Council for the National Economy, which led to slow, stagnation and weak production.
1921-1940: Establishment of general organizations comprising production units on a qualitative, geographical and integrative basis, making structural changes and developing existing devices.
1940-1957: Production diverted to serve the war effort.
1957-1989: Regional economic councils with authority over production units are dissolved.
After 1989: the fall of the communist regime and the beginning of the transition toward a semi-capitalist system
Russia remained "feudal" in its doctrines and forms of organization of its power.
The economic system was built on the basis of redistribution of the benefits of joint development in favor of the less developed regions.
A system of equal pay and equal social rights prevailed.
Forming interest-based “sectoral blocs” that bring together decision-makers and active workers in a particular product sector. For example, a conglomerate that includes decision-makers or unions in a particular sector.
Russia has been a source of raw materials for world capitalist markets. Within these limits, it had to adapt to the requirements of the capitalist countries' control of these markets.
Russia relies on a new "middle" class that arose with the comprador transformation. This class consists of high-paid employees whose job is to serve the comprador in managing their businesses.
Japanese experience
The administrative, economic and industrial policies were built on strategies stemming from highlighting the national identity as a source of loyalty after the Second World War, stemming from a democratic authority.
Japan has inherited traditional values and customs linked to the Ranji system for collective decision-making called nimawashi, whose source is agriculture and land. Undoubtedly, geography, history and heritage elements have been cultivated in the Japanese, by virtue of the environment, and the ability to be patient and move towards long-term goals.
The draft proposals move to the stage of consultations and formal and informal meetings stemming from the Japanese tradition called (Nima washi).
Consulting is an integral part of the values, norms, and culture of the Japanese people.
Interdependence and cohesion between government employees and the business sector in formulating policies.
Deliberate consultation is considered a source of excellence and achieving effectiveness and efficiency.
Policies go through certain stages of control and balance of power in achieving participation.
Administrative leadership in Japan is collective, not individual because it is a psychological simulation between the leader and his subordinates with their pledge to work collectively to achieve goals.
The manager in Japan when he is promoted to this position looks at the promotion with sadness. Administrative leadership is a state of mind characterized by patriarchy and collective
The Japanese manager is meticulous in managing his work as he is not specialized in a particular activity because he has moved between all activities during a long period of his career.
There are no members of the board of directors from outside the company or the shareholders, they are the executive directors of the company, headed by the general manager and the managing director.
This organizational philosophy stems from the structural reform implemented by General MacArthur after the defeat of Japanese militarism and the occupation of Japan by US forces in the Revised Corporate System of 1950.
There is no doubt that isolation from the world for hundreds of years contributed to building the Japanese ethnic homogeneity over the years, and this ethnic population structure over the years had a key role in the success of the strategy and administrative policies in harmony and harmony.
Japan occupied a distinguished position in modernization, development and development.
Japan is now trying to find outlets for luxury as Japanese companies have spent $40 billion on travel and tourism for their employees.
Lifetime Employment System: A Japanese individual will only be fired for an honor crime.
Continuous training system: the lifelong employment system is linked to the job transition or job rotation system.
The system of promotion and wages: determined on the basis of the certificate and length of service
performance and skill level.
Decision-making style: The decision process is democratic and cooperative, meaning that the decision is collective, starting from the bottom up.
Social climate: When a Japanese employee joins the organization, he joins his second family. There is solidarity in the meeting.
The public sector in Qatar
1970: The first temporary basic system of government was issued in Qatar before the country gained its independence.
1996: Implementation of the national strategy for the exploitation of natural resources
1999, free elections were held to form the Central Municipal Council.
2008, Increased inter-ministerial cooperation to facilitate decision-making.
2014: The process of reorganizing the government structure, which made ministries responsible for specific policies
2016: The structural reorganization of the ministries with a focus on results and attention to the oversight aspect.
Work to achieve the goals of Qatar National Vision 2030 related to social progress, human development, and the creation of a strong and diversified economy and a sustainable environment.
Institutional and organizational capacity development for public services
Achieving cooperation and partnerships between the public and private sectors and civil society.
Spreading the culture of teamwork among the executive authorities at all levels
Building a strong state to ensure higher levels of institutional performance.
1995 The gross domestic product of Qatar was $29 billion, which has become more than $192 billion
Establishing a base of heavy industries away from oil and gas, where it established several factories in the field of steel, fertilizers and petrochemicals, which are usually joint ventures between foreign and Qatari companies.
The United Nations Human Development Ranking shows Qatar tops the list of Arab countries.
Comprehensive modernization of government services provided by the state.
The pursuit of self-sufficiency.